GIS-Datei-Format

Siehe auch Geodaten

Ueberblick

Man unterscheidet bei den GIS-Datei-Formaten, 1. Rasterdatei-Formate und 2. Vektorformate.

Die wichtigsten GIS-Datei-Formate in der Schweiz sind (subjektive Liste ohne empirische Grundlage):

• Vektor: Shapefile, DXF, Personal Geodatabase, GML, KML, GeoJSON, INTERLIS
• Raster: TIFF/GeoTIFF, ECW, GPX

Succeeded conversions at GeoConverter website (Source: GISpunkt HSR S. Keller, 20.02.2009 - 3.12.2011):

Format	in	in %	Ranking	out	out %	Ranking	Remarks
CSV	608	4.4	5	288	2.1	6	-
GML	225	1.6	6	496	3.6	4	-
GPX	2206	16.1	3	486	3.6	4	-
ILI1/ITF	119	0.9	7	433	3.2	5	-
KML	5909	43.1	1	3357	24.6	2	-
MIF	867	6.3	4	2286	16.8	3	-
OSM/XML	883	6.4	4	0	0.0	8	no OSM output available
SHP	2681	19.5	2	6269	46.0	1	-
ILI2/XML	225	1.6	6	15	0.1	7	-
SUM	13723	100.0	-	13630	100.0	-	-

Fazit: KML, SHP and GPX are the 3 most used source formats; SHP, KML and MIF are the 3 most used target formats.

Rasterdatei-Formate

Allgemeines

Siehe Grafikformate wie PNG, (GIF), TIFF (GeoTIFF), etc..

ASCII Grid (.grd)

Refers to a specifc grid interchange format developed for Esri / ArcInfo rasters in ASCII format which consists of exactly one attribute (channel). The format consists of a header that specifies the geographic domain and resolution, followed by the actual grid cell values. Usually the file extension is .asc, but recent versions of ESRI software also recognize the extension .grd.

Es können Werte von entweder integer (+/- 2 Milliarden) oder Float (+/- 10E38, 15 Digits) verwaltet werden.

Links:

• http://docs.codehaus.org/display/GEOTOOLS/ArcInfo+ASCII+Grid+format
• http://www.safe.com/support/online-documentation/ReadersWriters/ReadersWriters.htm#esriasciigrid_-_esri_ascii_grid_reader_writer.htm

Description:

The numbers of rows and columns are defined in the Grid NDX, NDY fields of the corresponding windows.

This format is used to export distributions in a ArcInfo compatible ASCII grid format. Cell Origin 0 or 0.5.

Syntax:

 ncols [number of columns]
 nrows [number of rows]
 xllcorner [x coordinate of lower left corner]
 yllcorner [y coordinate of lower left corner]
 cellsize  [cell size in meters]
 nodata_value [value which will be used if no data in grid cell; default is -9999]
 row 1 
 row 2
 ...

Vektordatei-Formate

alphabetisch.

CSV

.csv oder andere (.txt)

DXF

• .dxf
• .dwg

GeoRSS

• .rss: GeoRSS Simple/RSS
• .atom: GeoRSS Simple/Atom
• auch .xml

GML

Geography Markup Language

• .gml
• auch .xml

INTERLIS

• .ili: Datenbeschreibung (ASCII)
• .itf: INTERLIS 1-Format ITF (ASCII)
• .xml: INTERLIS 2-Format (XML)
• .uml: UML/INTERLIS-Format (XML)

KML

.kml .kmz

Mikroformate

• .html

Siehe http://microformats.org/wiki/geo

Shapefile

• .shp Ein Shapefile besteht aus einem zwingenden Paar mit Endung .shp und .dbf. (siehe auch unten).

ESRI GIS-Datei-Formate

ESRI-Formate und ihre Extensions:

• .aep = ArcExporer-Projekt-Datei
• .shp: The Shapefile contains the geospatial data (Shapefile, Shape).
• .shx: The SHX file contains the index of the geospatial data (derived from shp).
• .dbf: The DBF file contains the attribute data in dBASE format.
• .prj: The PRJ file contains the coordinate system information (optional).
• .avl: The AVL file contains the legend information (optional).
• .sbn/.sbx: The SBN and SBX files contain the spatial index of the geospatial data (optional).
• .xml: The XML file (*.shp.xml) contains the metadata describing the data set (optional).
• .grd: ASCII Grid (siehe oben)
• .tfw, .jgw: Siehe World file.
• .gdb: File Geodatabase (Directory)
• .mdb: Personal Geodatabase - Einzelne Datei im Microsoft Access Format

ArcExplorer kann ArcView-Projekte darstellen: .aep = ArcExporer-Projekt-Datei

Weblinks

• GIS-Datei-Format auf Wikipedia